![]() ![]() § 1832 can result in a prison sentence of up to 10 years or a monetary penalty, or both. For individuals, convictions in violation of 18 U.S.C. Section 1832 of the Economic Espionage Act of 1996 (the “Act”) criminalizes the theft of trade secrets “intended for use in interstate or foreign commerce, to the economic benefit of anyone other than the owner.” The trade secret owner is required to take “reasonable measures” to keep the information secret. As we discussed in a previous article, the ways in which industrial espionage can affect a company are numerous and include theft of trade secrets and disruption to operation. Industrial espionage refers to various activities performed to gain an unfair competitive advantage, rather than for national security purposes. Other OSINT channels listed in the 1996 report include bid proposals, energy policies, marketing plans, price structuring, proposed legislation, tax and monetary policies, and control regulations for technology transfer and munitions.By Benjamin Glassman, Colin Jennings and Woli Urbe on Posted in cyberattack, cybersecurity, Data Protection & Privacy, Intellectual Property, Uncategorized, United States In some cases foreign interests have paid lobbyists to influence lawmakers and to facilitate extended contacts with high-placed officials with access to valuable information. * Open source intelligence (OSINT) methods include open or covert use of public databases, hiring information brokers and assigning consultants to gather information for confidential research reports. and assigning foreign liaison officers to government-to-government research and development projects are additional valuable methods for covert data gathering. Hiring competitors’ employees, signing corporate technology agreements, sponsoring research projects in the U.S. Agents have also exploited private-sector firms, joint ventures, mergers or acquisitions and non-profit organizations as opportunities and fronts for espionage. on their return to their home country, recruitment of émigrés, ethnic targeting (suborning or threatening Americans with foreign family ties), and elicitation during international conferences and trade fairs. firms and agencies, debriefing foreign visitors to the U.S. * Additional methods include using foreign students studying in the U.S., foreign employees of U.S. ![]() ![]() volunteers (see the “One Evil” awareness poster in the free collection here), surveillance, surreptitious entry (including bribery at hotels to allow access to guest and luggage rooms), specialized technical operations (e.g., communications intelligence and signals intelligence) and economic disinformation (and psychological operations). * Traditional methods of espionage include classic agent recruitment, U.S. Industrial espionage is carried out in many ways. The 1996 report notably added biotechnology, information warfare, manufacturing processes, nuclear systems, space systems, telecommunications and weapons effects and countermeasures to the list of targets. ![]() Sensors, aeronautics, electronics, armaments and energetic materials are other industrial targets for espionage. Throughout the decade of reporting, there has been little change in the list of targeted technologies the 2004 report lists the following: Information systems are a key target, with more than 40% of the PhDs employed in the field in 2001 (the most recent year of available data) being foreign-born (compared with 10% of all PhD scientists and engineers overall in the U.S.). Section 809 of the Intelligence Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 1995 defined foreign industrial espionage as "industrial espionage conducted by a foreign government or by a foreign company with direct assistance of a foreign government against a private United States company and aimed at obtaining commercial secrets.” ( of 1995 report.) I think there are some valuable findings and trends in industrial espionage that will interest readers of this column and help them interfere with industrial spies. ![]()
0 Comments
Leave a Reply. |
Details
AuthorWrite something about yourself. No need to be fancy, just an overview. ArchivesCategories |